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Sichuanese Mandarin (), or Szechwanese Mandarin, commonly known as Sichuanese, Szechuanese or Szechwanese (; Sichuanese Pinyin: ''Si4cuan1hua4''; ), is a branch of Southwestern Mandarin, spoken mainly in Sichuan and Chongqing, which was part of Sichuan until 1997, and the adjacent regions of their neighboring provinces, such as Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan and Shaanxi. In addition, because Sichuanese is the lingua franca in Sichuan, Chongqing and part of Tibet, it is also used by many Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and other groups as a second language.〔〔田畅（2009年7月29日），《在四川灾区支教的300多个日夜》，鞍山日报〕 Although Sichuanese is generally classified as a dialect of Mandarin, it is highly divergent in phonology, vocabulary, and even grammar from the standard language.〔 Minjiang dialect is especially difficult for speakers of other Mandarin dialects to understand. The dialect of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province and an important central city, is the most representative dialect of Southwestern Mandarin and is used widely in Sichuanese opera and other art forms of the province. Modern Sichuanese evolved rather recently due to a great wave of immigration during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644): many immigrants, mainly from Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangdong, flooded into Sichuan bringing their languages with them.〔彭金祥（2006年第3期），《四川方音在宋代以后的发展》，乐山师范学院学报〕 Sichuanese, spoken by about 120 million people, would rank 10th among languages by number of speakers (just behind Japanese) if counted as a separate language . ==Geographic distribution and dialects== Sichuanese is mainly spoken in and around the Sichuan Basin, which includes almost all of Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality except for some Tibetan and Yi inhabited areas. It is also spoken in the border regions of Sichuan's neighboring provinces: northern Yunnan and Guizhou, southern Shaanxi and western Hubei. Sichuanese is one of the most uniform dialects in all of Inner China. However, it is possible to divide Sichuanese into four sub-dialects according to the preservation or distribution of the Middle Chinese checked tone: the Minjiang dialect () which preserves the checked tone, the Chengdu-Chongqing dialect () in which the checked tone has merged into the light level tone, the Renshou-Fushun dialect () which merges the checked tone into the departing tone, and the Ya'an-Shimian dialect () in which the checked tone is merged into the dark level tone. The Minjiang, Ya'an-Shimian and Renshou-Fushun dialects are spoken mainly in South and West Sichuan, regions in which the inhabitants have significantly more indigenous Sichuanese descent than those of North and East Sichuan. Thus, these dialects preserve many characteristics of Bashu, the extinct language formerly spoken by indigenous Sichuanese, and are often referred as Old Sichuanese. The Chengdu-Chongqing dialect, named after the two largest cities in Sichuan, are spoken mainly in North and East Sichuan. It is often referred as New Sichuanese because it exhibits fewer characteristics of the Bashu language. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sichuanese Mandarin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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